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    Arno Allan Penzias

    American physicist (–)

    Arno Allan Penzias (; April 26, – January 22, ) was an American physicist and radio astronomer. Along with Robert Woodrow Wilson, he discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in

    Early life and education

    Penzias was born in Munich, Germany, the son of Justine (née Eisenreich) and Karl Penzias, who ran a leather business.[1] His grandparents had come to Munich from Poland and were among the leaders of the Reichenbachstrasse shul.

    At age six, he and his brother Gunther were among the Jewish children evacuated to Britain as part of the Kindertransport rescue operation.[2][3][4] Some time later, his parents also fled Nazi Germany, first for the United Kingdom, and then for the United States, and the family settled in the Bronx, New York City in [4][5] In , Penzias became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[